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    Thus, a recent study reveals that job turnover rates for scientists and engineers in the research and development industry in the United States are approximately twice as high as for the rest of American industry. The reason is easy to detect. This is precisely the speartip of technological change - the point at which the obsolescence of knowledge is most rapid. At Westinghouse, for example it is believed that the so-called "half-life" of a graduate engineer is only ten years - meaning that fully one half of what he has learned will be outdated within a decade."